/* ===========================================================================
   Yuanhang Zhang — site.css
   One stylesheet. Design tokens at the top.
   --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* --- design tokens -------------------------------------------------------- */
:root {
  /* palette: phase-portrait instrument */
  --ink:        #0A0E1A;   /* page background */
  --canvas:     #111A2E;   /* card / surface */
  --canvas-2:   #16223C;   /* elevated surface */
  --portrait-1: #2E5AAC;   /* deep blue, lattice low state */
  --portrait-2: #8FB4FF;   /* cool blue, lattice high state */
  --text:       #EDE6D3;   /* cream */
  --text-dim:   #8C9BB4;   /* slate */
  --text-faint: #4A5876;   /* deep slate */
  --accent:     #E8A547;   /* warm amber */
  --accent-dim: #8A6028;
  --rule:       #2A3550;   /* hairline rules */
  --rule-soft:  #1A2238;

  /* type */
  --font-display: "Fraunces", "Apple Garamond", Georgia, "Songti SC", "SimSun", serif;
  --font-body:    "Source Serif 4", "Source Serif Pro", Georgia, "Songti SC", "Source Han Serif SC", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", serif;
  --font-mono:    "JetBrains Mono", "SF Mono", "Cascadia Mono", Consolas, monospace;
  --font-cjk:     "Source Han Serif SC", "Songti SC", "Noto Serif CJK SC", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", serif;

  --fs-1: clamp(2.6rem, 6vw + 0.5rem, 5.6rem);   /* hero */
  --fs-2: clamp(1.8rem, 2.5vw + 0.6rem, 2.8rem); /* section */
  --fs-3: clamp(1.3rem, 1.2vw + 0.7rem, 1.6rem); /* sub */
  --fs-pull: clamp(1.35rem, 1.4vw + 0.8rem, 1.85rem); /* pull quote */
  --fs-body: 1.0625rem;
  --fs-meta: 0.78rem;

  /* layout */
  --gutter: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  --max:    72rem;
  --rad-sm: 2px;
}

/* --- reset --------------------------------------------------------------- */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; text-size-adjust: 100%; }
body, h1, h2, h3, h4, p, ul, ol, figure, blockquote { margin: 0; }
ul, ol { padding: 0; list-style: none; }
img, svg, canvas { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
button { font: inherit; color: inherit; background: none; border: 0; cursor: pointer; }

/* --- base ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
html {
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--text);
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.62;
  font-feature-settings: "onum" 1, "kern" 1, "liga" 1;
  font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums proportional-nums;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}
body {
  min-height: 100dvh;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 60% at 75% 0%, rgba(46, 90, 172, 0.10), transparent 70%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 60% 50% at 10% 100%, rgba(232, 165, 71, 0.04), transparent 70%),
    var(--ink);
}

::selection { background: var(--accent); color: var(--ink); }

/* links */
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease; }
a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.link {
  color: var(--text);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding-bottom: 1px;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
}
.link:hover { color: var(--accent); border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }

/* headings */
h1, h2, h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: normal;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144, "SOFT" 30, "WONK" 0;
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  color: var(--text);
}
h1 { font-size: var(--fs-1); }
h2 { font-size: var(--fs-2); line-height: 1.1; }
h3 { font-size: var(--fs-3); line-height: 1.25; letter-spacing: -0.01em; }

em, i { font-style: italic; }
strong, b { font-weight: 600; color: var(--text); }

p { font-size: var(--fs-body); }

/* --- container & layout -------------------------------------------------- */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--gutter);
}

/* --- nav (instrument panel) ---------------------------------------------- */
.nav {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  background: rgba(10, 14, 26, 0.78);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px) saturate(1.2);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px) saturate(1.2);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
.nav-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  height: 56px;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}
.nav-brand {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 14, "SOFT" 50;
  color: var(--text);
}
.nav-brand strong { font-weight: 500; }
.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
.nav-links a {
  color: var(--text-dim);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.35em;
}
.nav-links a:hover { color: var(--text); }
.nav-links a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--text); }
.nav-links .marker { color: var(--accent); font-size: 0.7em; }

.live-dot {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5em;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  color: var(--text-faint);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
.live-dot::before {
  content: "";
  width: 7px; height: 7px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 8px var(--accent);
  animation: pulse 2.2s ease-in-out infinite;
}
@keyframes pulse {
  0%, 70%, 100% { opacity: 1; }
  35%           { opacity: 0.25; }
}

/* --- hero ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  min-height: min(86vh, 820px);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: clamp(3rem, 8vh, 6rem) 0 clamp(2rem, 6vh, 4rem);
  overflow: hidden;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
.hero-canvas {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  z-index: 0;
  opacity: 0.95;
  mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse 110% 90% at 65% 50%, #000 35%, transparent 95%);
  -webkit-mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse 110% 90% at 65% 50%, #000 35%, transparent 95%);
}
.hero-grain {
  position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: 1;
  background-image:
    repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent, transparent 2px, rgba(0,0,0,0.18) 2px, rgba(0,0,0,0.18) 3px);
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: 0.5;
}
.hero-inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}
.hero-coord {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75em;
}
.hero-coord::after {
  content: "";
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  width: 5rem;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--accent);
  opacity: 0.6;
}
.hero h1 {
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144, "SOFT" 20, "WONK" 0;
  font-weight: 350;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.hero h1 .given { display: block; color: var(--text); }
.hero h1 .family {
  display: block;
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: var(--portrait-2);
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144, "SOFT" 80, "WONK" 1;
}
.hero-kicker {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--text);
  text-transform: none;
  margin: 0.5rem 0 2.5rem;
  max-width: 36ch;
}
.hero-kicker .arrow { color: var(--accent); margin: 0 0.4em; }
.hero-kicker .stamp {
  display: inline-block;
  border: 1px solid var(--accent-dim);
  color: var(--accent);
  padding: 0.15em 0.5em;
  margin-left: 0.4em;
  border-radius: var(--rad-sm);
  font-size: 0.78em;
}
.hero-tag {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1vw + 0.7rem, 1.5rem);
  font-style: italic;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 36, "SOFT" 100, "WONK" 1;
  color: var(--text-dim);
  max-width: 42ch;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}
.hero-tag .dot { color: var(--accent); }

.hero-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1.5rem 2.2rem;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
.hero-links a {
  color: var(--text-dim);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45em;
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  padding-bottom: 2px;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
}
.hero-links a:hover {
  color: var(--text);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}
.hero-links a::before {
  content: "→";
  color: var(--accent);
  opacity: 0.6;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, opacity 0.2s ease;
}
.hero-links a:hover::before { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(2px); }

/* --- section heading framing -------------------------------------------- */
.section {
  position: relative;
  padding: clamp(4rem, 10vh, 7rem) 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
.section:last-of-type { border-bottom: 0; }
.section-label {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.22em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1em;
}
.section-label::after {
  content: "";
  flex: 1;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--rule);
}
.section-title {
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  max-width: 22ch;
}
.section-title em {
  font-style: italic;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144, "SOFT" 100, "WONK" 1;
  color: var(--portrait-2);
}

/* --- vision strip ------------------------------------------------------- */
.vision {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 0%, rgba(46,90,172,0.04) 100%);
}
.pullquote {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--fs-pull);
  font-style: italic;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 36, "SOFT" 80, "WONK" 1;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--text);
  max-width: 26ch;
  margin: 0 0 2.5rem;
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--accent);
}
.pullquote .em { font-style: normal; color: var(--portrait-2); }

.vision-body {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  max-width: 56rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
@media (min-width: 960px) {
  .vision-body { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 3.5rem; }
}
.vision-body p { color: var(--text-dim); }
.vision-body p strong { color: var(--text); font-weight: 500; }

/* --- three pillars ------------------------------------------------------ */
.pillars { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; }
.pillar {
  padding: 2.5rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}
@media (min-width: 760px) {
  .pillar {
    grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;
    column-gap: 2.5rem;
    align-items: baseline;
  }
}
.pillar:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.pillar-num {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  color: var(--accent);
  white-space: nowrap;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.pillar-content h3 {
  font-style: italic;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 36, "SOFT" 60, "WONK" 1;
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
  color: var(--text);
}
.pillar-content p {
  color: var(--text-dim);
  max-width: 56ch;
}
.pillar-link {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--text-dim);
  white-space: nowrap;
  align-self: end;
}
.pillar-link:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.pillar-link::after { content: " →"; color: var(--accent); }

/* --- selected papers ---------------------------------------------------- */
.papers-list { display: grid; gap: 1.5rem; }
.paper {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 1.5rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
@media (min-width: 760px) {
  .paper {
    grid-template-columns: 5rem 1fr auto;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: baseline;
  }
}
.paper:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.paper-year {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.paper-title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 36, "SOFT" 30;
  color: var(--text);
}
.paper-meta {
  color: var(--text-dim);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}
.paper-meta em { color: var(--portrait-2); font-style: italic; }
.paper-meta .authors-self { color: var(--text); font-weight: 500; }
.paper-links {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.paper-links a {
  color: var(--text-dim);
}
.paper-links a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

.view-all {
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}
.view-all a {
  color: var(--text);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent);
  padding-bottom: 2px;
}
.view-all a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

/* --- recruiting callout ------------------------------------------------- */
.recruit {
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(232,165,71,0.05) 0%, transparent 100%),
    var(--canvas);
  border: 1px solid var(--accent-dim);
  border-radius: var(--rad-sm);
  padding: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
  position: relative;
}
.recruit::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0;
  width: 3px;
  height: 100%;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: var(--rad-sm) 0 0 var(--rad-sm);
}
.recruit-label {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.22em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6em;
}
.recruit-label::before {
  content: "";
  width: 7px; height: 7px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
  animation: pulse 2.2s ease-in-out infinite;
}
.recruit h3 {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-style: italic;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 36, "SOFT" 80, "WONK" 1;
}
.recruit p { color: var(--text); max-width: 56ch; }
.recruit p + p { margin-top: 1rem; }
.recruit .email {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.95em;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent-dim);
  padding-bottom: 1px;
}

/* --- news strip --------------------------------------------------------- */
.news-list { display: grid; gap: 0; }
.news-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  padding: 1.2rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
@media (min-width: 760px) {
  .news-item {
    grid-template-columns: 8rem 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: baseline;
  }
}
.news-item:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.news-date {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.news-text { color: var(--text-dim); }
.news-text strong { color: var(--text); font-weight: 500; }

/* --- footer ------------------------------------------------------------- */
.footer {
  padding: 2.5rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: var(--text-faint);
}
.footer-line {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem 1.5rem;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
}
.footer a { color: var(--text-dim); }
.footer a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.footer .meta { display: inline-flex; gap: 1.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }

/* --- page (non-home) ---------------------------------------------------- */
.page-head {
  padding: clamp(4rem, 12vh, 8rem) 0 clamp(2rem, 6vh, 4rem);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  position: relative;
}
.page-head .section-label { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.page-head h1 {
  font-size: var(--fs-2);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  max-width: 22ch;
}
.page-head h1 em {
  font-style: italic;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144, "SOFT" 100, "WONK" 1;
  color: var(--portrait-2);
}
.page-head .lede {
  color: var(--text-dim);
  max-width: 56ch;
  font-size: 1.075rem;
}

/* --- research page specifics -------------------------------------------- */
.manifesto {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  max-width: 56rem;
}
@media (min-width: 960px) {
  .manifesto { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 4rem; }
}
.manifesto p { color: var(--text-dim); }
.manifesto p strong { color: var(--text); font-weight: 500; }
.manifesto p em { color: var(--portrait-2); }

.pillar-deep {
  padding: clamp(3rem, 8vh, 5rem) 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
.pillar-deep:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.pillar-deep .pillar-num { margin-bottom: 1rem; display: inline-block; }
.pillar-deep h2 {
  font-style: italic;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144, "SOFT" 80, "WONK" 1;
  max-width: 22ch;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.pillar-deep .prose {
  max-width: 56ch;
  color: var(--text-dim);
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.pillar-deep .prose p + p { margin-top: 1rem; }
.pillar-deep .prose strong { color: var(--text); font-weight: 500; }
.pillar-deep .pillar-papers {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  color: var(--text-dim);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  padding-top: 1rem;
  max-width: 56rem;
}
.pillar-deep .pillar-papers .label {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
  display: block;
}
.pillar-deep .pillar-papers ul li { padding: 0.25rem 0; }
.pillar-deep .pillar-papers a { color: var(--text-dim); border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; }
.pillar-deep .pillar-papers a:hover { color: var(--accent); border-bottom-color: var(--accent-dim); }

.placeholder {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  padding: 2rem;
  border: 1px dashed var(--rule);
  border-radius: var(--rad-sm);
  background: rgba(46,90,172,0.04);
}
.placeholder .label {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--text-faint);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.placeholder p { color: var(--text-dim); margin: 0; max-width: 56ch; }

/* --- papers page -------------------------------------------------------- */
.filters {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 1.5rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}
.filters .filters-label {
  color: var(--text-faint);
  margin-right: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.4em 0;
}
.filter-chip {
  color: var(--text-dim);
  padding: 0.4em 0.9em;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}
.filter-chip:hover { color: var(--text); border-color: var(--rule); }
.filter-chip[aria-pressed="true"] {
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

.papers-page .year-group {
  padding: 2rem 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  margin-top: 2rem;
}
.papers-page .year-group:first-of-type { border-top: 0; margin-top: 0; }
.papers-page .year-label {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 36, "SOFT" 100, "WONK" 1;
  color: var(--portrait-2);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.papers-page .paper {
  padding: 1.3rem 0;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
@media (min-width: 760px) {
  .papers-page .paper {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  }
}
.papers-page .paper[hidden] { display: none; }

/* --- cv page ------------------------------------------------------------ */
.cv-meta {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--text-dim);
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem 1.75rem;
}
.cv-meta a { color: var(--text-dim); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-bottom: 1px; }
.cv-meta a:hover { color: var(--accent); border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }
.cv-download {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6em;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  padding: 0.7em 1.2em;
  border: 1px solid var(--accent-dim);
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-radius: var(--rad-sm);
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.cv-download:hover { background: var(--accent); color: var(--ink); }
.cv-download .arrow { font-size: 1.1em; }

.cv-section { padding: 3rem 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.cv-section h2 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-style: italic;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 36, "SOFT" 100, "WONK" 1;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.cv-entry {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  padding: 1rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
@media (min-width: 760px) {
  .cv-entry { grid-template-columns: 12rem 1fr; gap: 2rem; align-items: baseline; }
}
.cv-entry:first-child { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
.cv-when {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.cv-what .title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 36, "SOFT" 30;
  color: var(--text);
}
.cv-what .where { color: var(--text-dim); }
.cv-what .where em { color: var(--portrait-2); font-style: italic; }
.cv-what .extra {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  color: var(--text-faint);
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

/* --- decorative equation divider --------------------------------------- */
.eq-divider {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  padding: 3rem 0;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 36, "SOFT" 100, "WONK" 1;
  color: var(--text-dim);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.eq-divider::before, .eq-divider::after {
  content: "";
  flex: 1;
  max-width: 8rem;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--rule);
}
.eq-divider .eq { color: var(--portrait-2); }

/* --- scroll reveal helpers --------------------------------------------- */
.reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(12px);
  transition: opacity 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.3, 1),
              transform 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.3, 1);
}
.reveal.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

/* --- responsive --------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .nav-brand { font-size: 0.78rem; letter-spacing: 0.14em; }
  .nav-links { gap: 1rem; }
  .nav-links a span:not(.marker) { display: none; }
  .live-dot span { display: none; }
}

/* --- reduced motion ----------------------------------------------------- */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after {
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
  }
  .reveal { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
}

/* ===========================================================================
   V2 additions: top banner, two-column hero with portrait, figure placeholder,
   join page, language toggle. Overrides earlier rules where noted.
   --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* --- top hiring banner -------------------------------------------------- */
.top-banner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 60;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(232,165,71,0.10) 0%, rgba(232,165,71,0.04) 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent-dim);
  color: var(--text);
}
.top-banner-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.4rem 1rem;
  padding: 0.55rem 0;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-align: center;
}
.top-banner-inner::before {
  content: "▸";
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-right: 0.25rem;
}
.top-banner .zh {
  font-family: var(--font-cjk);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--text-dim);
}
.top-banner .sep { color: var(--text-faint); padding: 0 0.25rem; }
.top-banner a {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent-dim);
  padding-bottom: 1px;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
}
.top-banner a:hover { color: var(--text); border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }

/* --- hero: dim the canvas, no mask in V2 -------------------------------- */
.hero { min-height: min(82vh, 800px); }
.hero-canvas {
  opacity: 0.35;
  mask-image: none;
  -webkit-mask-image: none;
}
.hero-veil {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 1;
  pointer-events: none;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 70% at 30% 50%, rgba(10, 14, 26, 0.78), transparent 75%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(10, 14, 26, 0.35) 0%, rgba(10, 14, 26, 0.55) 100%);
}

/* --- hero: two-column grid --------------------------------------------- */
.hero-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  align-items: center;
  width: 100%;
}
@media (min-width: 860px) {
  .hero-inner {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.45fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 3.5rem;
  }
}

.hero-text { position: relative; min-width: 0; }
.hero-text h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5vw + 0.5rem, 4.6rem);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.role {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--text);
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
}
.role .row { display: block; margin-top: 0.2rem; }
.role .row + .row { color: var(--text-dim); }
.role .row .accent { color: var(--accent); }
.role .row .arrow { color: var(--accent); margin: 0 0.4em; }

.hero-intro {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--text-dim);
  max-width: 44ch;
  margin: 0 0 2rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}
.hero-intro strong { color: var(--text); font-weight: 500; }
.hero-intro em { color: var(--portrait-2); font-style: italic; }

.hero-tag {
  /* override V1: tighten margin */
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  max-width: 36ch;
}

/* --- hero portrait ------------------------------------------------------ */
.hero-portrait {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  margin: 0;
  justify-self: start;
}
@media (min-width: 860px) {
  .hero-portrait { justify-self: center; }
}
.hero-portrait .frame {
  position: relative;
  width: clamp(220px, 30vw, 340px);
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--canvas);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow:
    0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.04) inset,
    0 20px 50px -20px rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
}
.hero-portrait .frame::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: -1px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(232,165,71,0.35), transparent 30%, transparent 70%, rgba(143,180,255,0.18)) border-box;
  -webkit-mask:
    linear-gradient(#000 0 0) padding-box,
    linear-gradient(#000 0 0);
  -webkit-mask-composite: xor;
          mask-composite: exclude;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 3;
}
/* gentle tone-map: cool the photo, lift contrast slightly, then a
   vignette + faint navy cast pulls the edges into the page bg. */
.hero-portrait .frame img {
  filter: saturate(0.78) brightness(0.93) contrast(1.06);
}
.hero-portrait .frame::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 2;
  pointer-events: none;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 95% 100% at 50% 38%, transparent 48%, rgba(10, 14, 26, 0.55) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(46, 90, 172, 0.08) 0%, rgba(10, 14, 26, 0.30) 100%);
}
.hero-portrait img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}
.hero-portrait .caption {
  margin-top: 0.7rem;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--text-faint);
  text-align: center;
}

/* --- selected papers: title-as-link ------------------------------------ */
.paper-title a {
  color: inherit;
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
}
.paper-title a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent-dim);
}

/* --- figure placeholder (research page) -------------------------------- */
.pillar-deep {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: start;
}
@media (min-width: 960px) {
  .pillar-deep {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr minmax(280px, 32%);
  }
}
.pillar-deep > .pillar-num,
.pillar-deep > h2,
.pillar-deep > .prose,
.pillar-deep > .pillar-papers {
  grid-column: 1;
}
.pillar-figure {
  grid-column: 1;
  margin: 0;
  position: relative;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #F4ECD8 0%, #E9DFC4 100%);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: var(--rad-sm);
  padding: 0.6rem 0.6rem 0.45rem;
  box-shadow:
    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.10),
    0 22px 50px -22px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.70);
}
@media (min-width: 960px) {
  .pillar-figure {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1 / span 4;
    align-self: start;
    position: sticky;
    top: 5.5rem;
  }
}
/* small corner ticks — scientific plate cue */
.pillar-figure::before,
.pillar-figure::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  opacity: 0.65;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.pillar-figure::before {
  top: 0.45rem;
  right: 0.45rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--accent);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--accent);
}
.pillar-figure::after {
  bottom: 0.45rem;
  left: 0.45rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--accent);
}
.figure-placeholder {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  background:
    repeating-linear-gradient(135deg,
      transparent 0 14px,
      rgba(143,180,255,0.04) 14px 15px),
    var(--canvas);
  border: 1px dashed var(--rule);
  border-radius: var(--rad-sm);
  color: var(--text-faint);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--fs-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.figure-placeholder::before {
  content: "Figure forthcoming";
}
.pillar-figure img,
.pillar-figure video {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid rgba(10, 14, 26, 0.08);
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
}
.pillar-figure figcaption {
  margin: 0.55rem 0 0;
  padding-top: 0.45rem;
  border-top: 1px dotted rgba(10, 14, 26, 0.18);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: rgba(10, 14, 26, 0.55);
  text-align: center;
}

/* --- join page --------------------------------------------------------- */
.join-page .page-head { padding-top: clamp(3rem, 8vh, 5rem); }
.join-page :lang(zh),
.join-page.zh {
  font-family: var(--font-cjk);
}
.join-page.zh h1, .join-page.zh h2, .join-page.zh h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-cjk);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-variation-settings: normal;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  line-height: 1.2;
}
.join-page.zh em { font-style: normal; color: var(--portrait-2); }
.join-page.zh .pullquote {
  font-family: var(--font-cjk);
  font-style: normal;
  font-variation-settings: normal;
}

.join-section {
  padding: 2.5rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
.join-section:first-of-type { border-top: 0; }
.join-section h2 {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  max-width: 28ch;
}
.join-section h2 em {
  font-style: italic;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 36, "SOFT" 100, "WONK" 1;
  color: var(--portrait-2);
}
.join-section > p,
.join-section ul,
.join-section ol {
  max-width: 64ch;
  color: var(--text-dim);
}
.join-section > p + p { margin-top: 0.85rem; }
.join-section strong { color: var(--text); font-weight: 500; }
.join-section em { color: var(--portrait-2); }
.join-section ul, .join-section ol {
  margin-top: 0.6rem;
  padding-left: 0;
}
.join-section ul li,
.join-section ol li {
  padding: 0.35rem 0 0.35rem 1.6rem;
  position: relative;
}
.join-section ul li::before {
  content: "—";
  position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0.35rem;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.join-section ol { counter-reset: jol; }
.join-section ol li {
  counter-increment: jol;
}
.join-section ol li::before {
  content: counter(jol, decimal-leading-zero);
  position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0.4rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.8em;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
.join-headline {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(232,165,71,0.06) 0%, transparent 100%);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  padding: 1.4rem 1.6rem;
  margin: 0 0 2rem;
  max-width: 64ch;
  border-radius: 0 var(--rad-sm) var(--rad-sm) 0;
}
.join-headline h2 {
  margin: 0 0 0.3rem;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-style: italic;
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 36, "SOFT" 80, "WONK" 1;
}
.join-page.zh .join-headline h2 { font-style: normal; }
.join-headline p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}
.join-page.zh .join-headline p { font-family: var(--font-cjk); letter-spacing: 0; }
.join-email {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.96em;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent-dim);
  padding-bottom: 1px;
}

/* --- language toggle --------------------------------------------------- */
.lang-toggle {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0.6rem;
  right: var(--gutter);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: var(--text-faint);
  z-index: 70;
}
.page-head { position: relative; }
.lang-toggle a {
  color: var(--text-dim);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  padding-bottom: 1px;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
}
.lang-toggle a:hover { color: var(--text); border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }
.lang-toggle a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent-dim);
}
.lang-toggle .sep { color: var(--rule); }

/* --- mobile tweaks for V2 ---------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .top-banner-inner { font-size: 0.72rem; padding: 0.5rem 0; }
  .top-banner .zh { display: none; }
  .hero-portrait .frame { width: 70vw; max-width: 280px; }
  .lang-toggle { position: static; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
}

/* --- print (cv) --------------------------------------------------------- */
@media print {
  html, body { background: white; color: black; }
  .nav, .footer, .hero-canvas, .hero-grain, .hero-veil, .top-banner, .live-dot { display: none !important; }
  a { color: black; }
  .cv-section, .page-head { border-color: #ccc; }
  .cv-when, .recruit-label, .section-label { color: #666; }
}